Question 1

Humans can smell as many as 10,000 different odors but have significantly fewer types of olfactory receptors.Which of the following is the best explanation for why humans can distinguish so many smells?

Accepted Answer

A)   The belief that we can smell so many different distinct odors is a psychological process referred to as an uncinate fit or olfactory hallucination.
B)   The olfactory pathway travels to location in the brain in which memories are formed and we simply mix this new sensory information with old memories.
C)   The sensation of a single, distinct smell is a combination of a variety of chemicals that stimulate different combinations of olfactory receptor cells all at once.
D)   Taste receptors that are active at the same time influence the subtlety of what we smell.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 2

Which of the following is true about photoreceptors?

Accepted Answer

A)   In dim light, images are focused directly on the rods in the fovea centralis.
B)   Three types of color-sensitive photoreceptors exist: red, green, and yellow.
C)   Rods absorb light throughout the visual spectrum but confer only gray tone vision.
D)   If all cones are stimulated equally, all colors are absorbed by the cones and the color perceived is black.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

The first vestiges of eyes in the embryo are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   optic vesicles
B)   mesenchyme
C)   optic discs
D)   optic cupsE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

Explain why a bad cold can result in food not tasting the same as it normally does.

Accepted Answer

Taste is 80% smell.When the ability to s...

Question 5

Figure 15.3
Using Figure 15.3, match the following:
-Fluid blockages cause glaucoma.

Accepted Answer

A)  A
B)  C
C)  B
D)  E
E)  DF) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 6

The fluid contained within the membranous labyrinth is called perilymph.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The neural layer of the retina prevents excessive scattering of light within the eye.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

In the visual pathways to the brain,the optic radiations project to the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   primary visual cortex
B)   medial retina
C)   lateral geniculate body
D)   optic chiasmaE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 9

Odorants must be volatile to be smelled.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Nutrients are delivered and waste products are carried away from the cells of the posterior segment of the eye by blood vessels.However,the cells in the cornea and lens (in the anterior segment) are avascular.Which is the best explanation for how these cells are maintained?

Accepted Answer

A)   The nutrients and waste products of the anterior segment diffuse into and through the vitreous humor of the posterior segment.
B)   The metabolic activity of these cells is very low. They produce little waste and need few nutrients.
C)   These cells, like the cells of the corneal layer of the integument are not living cells.
D)   The aqueous humor is continuously replenished and flows from the ciliary process to drain in the scleral venous sinus.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

What is the pharyngotympanic tube and what is its purpose?

Accepted Answer

The pharyngotympanic tube links the midd...

Question 12

Figure 15.1
Using Figure 15.1, match the following:
-Ganglion cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  B
B)  E
C)  A
D)  D
E)  CF) All of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 13

The sensation of loudness or the volume of a sound is detected by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   high volume sounds can travel all the way the apex of the scala vestibule with enough energy remaining to deflect hair cells
B)   faster vibration of the basilar membrane resulting in a higher frequency of hair cell stimulation
C)   greater movement of the basilar membrane resulting in greater deflection of the hair cells
D)   vibration along a greater length of the basilar membrane, stimulating a greater number of hair cellsE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

Which of the follow types of neurons are replaced throughout adult life?

Accepted Answer

A)   olfactory receptor cells
B)   auditory outer and inner hair cells
C)   retinal ganglion cells
D)   retinal bipolar cellsE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 15

Which of the following is the best explanation of why it is difficult to discriminate the color of an object at night?

Accepted Answer

A)   Rods contain a single kind of visual pigment.
B)   Cones come in three types, each sensitive to different wavelengths of light.
C)   The foveae are densely packed with cones.
D)   As many as 100 cones may converge on one ganglion cell.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

The structure that allows equalization of the pressure in the middle ear with that outside the body is the external auditory meatus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The elasticity of the lens decreases with age.This leads to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   less light getting to the retina and diminished visual acuity
B)   lowered accommodation of the pupillary reflex and blurry vision
C)   a clouding of the lenses know as a cataract
D)   less accommodation of the lenses and difficulty focusing on nearby objectsE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 18

The optic disc is forms a blind spot where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Visual processing in the thalamus does not contribute significantly to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   high-acuity vision
B)   night vision
C)   movement perception
D)   depth perceptionE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Dark adaptation ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   involves accumulation of rhodopsin
B)   results in inhibition of rod function
C)   is much faster than light adaptation
D)   primarily involves improvement of acuity and color visionE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Exam 15: The Special Senses

The structure that allows equalization of the pressure in the middle ear with that outside the body is the external auditory meatus.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the visual pathways to the brain,the optic radiations project to the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The first vestiges of eyes in the embryo are called ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Visual processing in the thalamus does not contribute significantly to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The sensation of loudness or the volume of a sound is detected by ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true about photoreceptors?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain why a bad cold can result in food not tasting the same as it normally does.

Correct AnswerverifiedTaste is 80% smell.When the ability to s...View AnswerShow Answer

Figure 15.1 Using Figure 15.1, match the following: -Ganglion cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Odorants must be volatile to be smelled.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is the best explanation of why it is difficult to discriminate the color of an object at night?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nutrients are delivered and waste products are carried away from the cells of the posterior segment of the eye by blood vessels.However,the cells in the cornea and lens (in the anterior segment) are avascular.Which is the best explanation for how these cells are maintained?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The optic disc is forms a blind spot where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The neural layer of the retina prevents excessive scattering of light within the eye.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the follow types of neurons are replaced throughout adult life?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dark adaptation ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The elasticity of the lens decreases with age.This leads to which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Figure 15.3 Using Figure 15.3, match the following: -Fluid blockages cause glaucoma.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Humans can smell as many as 10,000 different odors but have significantly fewer types of olfactory receptors.Which of the following is the best explanation for why humans can distinguish so many smells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the pharyngotympanic tube and what is its purpose?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe pharyngotympanic tube links the midd...View AnswerShow Answer

The fluid contained within the membranous labyrinth is called perilymph.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Taste is 80% smell.When the ability to s...
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The pharyngotympanic tube links the midd...
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Correct Answer
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