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Those who support practice protocols are most likely also to support


A) primary practice.
B) medical paternalism.
C) RBRVS.
D) evidence-based medicine.
E) the AMA.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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The profession of medicine includes an ideology that dictates doctors' values,attitudes,and behaviors towards patients,colleagues,and other health care workers.Learning the role of medicine involves learning this ideology as well as learning specific technical knowledge.What does this ideology consist of,and how do doctors learn it?

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The ideology of medicine consists of pri...

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Which of the following have threatened medical dominance?


A) the rise of corporatization
B) the rise of government control
C) the decline in public support
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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RBRVS (resource-based relative value scale) was adopted to increase


A) the incomes of medical specialists.
B) the incomes of doctors in primary practice.
C) the cost of Medicaid and Medicare.
D) the cost of drugs.
E) hospital profits.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Published guidelines that establish norms of care for particular medical conditions based on a review of clinical research are known as


A) managed care documents.
B) practice protocols.
C) utilization summaries.
D) RBRVS decrees.
E) socialization literature.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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You have been appointed to an American Medical Association committee on reforming medical education.What would be your top three goals for reforming medical education? Why? What policies would you want to implement to achieve those goals? Why?

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My top three goals for reforming medical...

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To become a profession,an occupation must


A) set its own education and licensing standards.
B) eliminate all competitors.
C) prove its scientific grounding.
D) have all members take courses in ethics.
E) earn over $60,000 per person.

F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

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The AMA's power has declined in part because of


A) the growing political power of Republicans.
B) the significant percentage of doctors who choose not to join.
C) the growing conservatism of American doctors.
D) the unwillingness of legislators to accept campaign contributions from the AMA.
E) declining support for US medical schools among charitable foundations.

F) All of the above
G) B) and D)

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B

The professional dominance of doctors has declined in part because of


A) the growth of paraprofessionals.
B) changes in public attitudes.
C) doctor's skyrocketing salaries.
D) the decline of corporate medicine.
E) decreases in government regulation.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

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Respect for allopathic medicine had grown by the year 1900 because


A) Americans increasingly defined health care as complex matter requiring expert intervention.
B) Americans increasingly believed in the benefits of science.
C) of the impact of the Flexner Report.
D) all of the above
E) a and b only

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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The federal government developed a vested interest in restraining health care costs following the implementation of


A) DRGs.
B) HMOs.
C) Medicaid and Medicare.
D) horizontal integration.
E) vertical integration.

F) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Medical culture stresses that doctors should


A) value clinical experience more than scientific knowledge.
B) care deeply about their patients.
C) trust natural bodily processes.
D) value working with chronic illnesses more than with acute illnesses.
E) value working with common illnesses more than with rare illnesses.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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A

The American Medical Association


A) spends more than other competing interest groups on political lobbying.
B) has increased in power over recent decades.
C) is less powerful than the combined countervailing powers in health care.
D) has long supported a national health care system.
E) is more powerful than the insurance and pharmaceutical industries.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

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The ways in which medical residents talk about patients sometimes suggest that residents


A) view patients as enemies.
B) depersonalize their patients.
C) believe patients' feelings are not important to their treatment.
D) all of the above
E) a and b only

F) A) and C)
G) All of the above

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The process through which medical students learn the skills,knowledge,and values of medicine as an occupation is referred to as


A) normative errors.
B) medical norms.
C) medical dominance.
D) professional dominance.
E) professional socialization.

F) None of the above
G) D) and E)

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Since the 1960s,


A) the percentage of health care institutions owned by investor-owned corporations has increased.
B) corporations increasingly have purchased only one kind of health care institution (such as only nursing homes or only hospitals) .
C) the ratio of doctors per capita has decreased.
D) the proportion of doctors in private practice has grown.
E) doctors' ability to fight government regulation has grown.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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What is cultural health capital? Which populations are least likely to have cultural health capital? How does low cultural health capital affect doctor-patient relationships?

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Cultural health capital refers to the cultural knowledge, resources, and practices that individuals and communities use to maintain and promote their health. This includes understanding and navigating the healthcare system, accessing appropriate health information, and utilizing traditional healing practices. Populations that are least likely to have cultural health capital are often marginalized and disadvantaged groups, including immigrants, refugees, indigenous peoples, and low-income communities. These populations may face barriers such as language barriers, lack of access to culturally competent healthcare providers, and limited understanding of Western medical practices. Low cultural health capital can affect doctor-patient relationships in several ways. Patients who do not have a strong understanding of the healthcare system may struggle to communicate their needs and concerns effectively to their doctors. This can lead to misunderstandings, misdiagnoses, and ineffective treatment plans. Additionally, patients with low cultural health capital may be more likely to distrust the medical system and may be less likely to seek out preventative care or follow treatment recommendations. Overall, addressing disparities in cultural health capital is crucial for improving healthcare outcomes and reducing health inequities. Healthcare providers must work to understand and respect the cultural backgrounds and health beliefs of their patients, and health systems should strive to provide accessible and culturally competent care for all populations.

The system under which the government sets an average length of hospital stay and costs for in-patient treatment for each possible diagnosis is known as


A) retrospective payment.
B) deprofessionalization.
C) corporatization.
D) diagnostic-related groups.
E) Medicaid.

F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Doctors' mechanistic model of the body may encourage them to


A) distrust natural bodily processes.
B) value "watching and waiting" rather than quickly intervening in Emergency Rooms.
C) rely on redactive treatment.
D) burn out after working in medicine for a few years.
E) listen carefully to their patients.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Doctors' power over their patients increases when


A) patients are physically unable to communicate.
B) doctors work in solo practice.
C) doctors and patients share the same culture.
D) doctors and patients share the same language.
E) doctors belong to the AMA.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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