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When Hume tries to theoretically justify matter of fact claims, he ends with


A) a vicious circle.
B) the fact of his own existence.
C) demonstrative reasoning.
D) an appeal to authority.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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According to Locke, primary qualities may be called


A) secondary qualities.
B) sensory qualities.
C) real qualities.
D) modal qualities.

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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Descartes introduces the wax example to show


A) that his senses are infallible.
B) that wax melts when it is heated.
C) the importance of the imagination.
D) the importance of rational intuition.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Compare and contrast Berkeley's views on the nature of knowledge with Descartes' views. Which of their positions seems most reasonable to you? Explain your answer.

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Berkeley and Descartes both have signifi...

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Carefully explain James' account of how an idea becomes true. Under what circumstances might an idea that has become true later become false? Do you believe that James' views on truth are correct? Why or why not?

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James' account of how an idea becomes tr...

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According to Anderson, one's gender is


A) biologically determined.
B) the same thing as one's sex.
C) largely determinant of one's IQ.
D) a mode of social situation.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Compare and contrast Chuang-tzu's reasoning for doubting the possibility of knowledge with the Buddha's reasoning? Which line of reasoning seems to be the more skeptical of the two? Defend your answer.

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Chuang-tzu's reasoning for doubting the ...

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The Buddha warns his followers to avoid metaphysical speculations.

A) True
B) False

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In Meditation II, Descartes describes himself as a body without a soul.

A) True
B) False

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False

Compare and contrast Benally's views on the nature of knowledge and truth with the views of Jaspers. Which of their views is closer to your own views? Explain your answer.

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Benally and Jaspers have different persp...

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What does Anderson say about knowledge claims such as "grass is green" and "water quenches thirst"? Why does she believe that examples of such claims are not "particularly helpful" in addressing questions raised by feminist epistemologists?

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Anderson argues that knowledge claims su...

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Like Hume, Ayer argues that we are never justified in accepting empirical statements.

A) True
B) False

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The Buddha achieved Nirvana by studying the traditional Hindu teachings.

A) True
B) False

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Describe the events that take place in "The Parable of the Arrow." What circumstances lead the Buddha to tell this parable? What point is he trying to make?

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In "The Parable of the Arrow," the Buddha tells the story of a man who has been shot by a poisoned arrow. Instead of seeking immediate treatment for the wound, the man becomes preoccupied with questions about the arrow, such as who shot it, what type of wood it is made of, and so on. The Buddha uses this parable to illustrate the importance of focusing on the present and addressing immediate concerns, rather than becoming distracted by irrelevant details or seeking answers to unanswerable questions. The circumstances that lead the Buddha to tell this parable are in response to a group of people who were preoccupied with metaphysical questions about the universe and the nature of the self. The Buddha uses the parable to emphasize the importance of focusing on one's own suffering and seeking a path to end it, rather than becoming distracted by speculative questions that do not lead to liberation from suffering. The point the Buddha is trying to make with this parable is that life is filled with suffering, and it is important to address and alleviate that suffering rather than becoming preoccupied with questions that do not lead to a resolution of suffering. The parable serves as a reminder to focus on the present moment and to address the immediate concerns that affect our well-being.

Carefully explain two of the arguments that Descartes uses to undermine the reliability of sense experience, and two of the arguments that he uses to undermine the reliability of mathematical reasoning. What is Descartes' ultimate purpose in formulating these arguments?

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Descartes uses two main arguments to und...

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Why, according to Chuang-tzu, can language not adequately express the Tao? Can you think of at least one other thing that cannot be adequately expressed in language? Explain your choice.

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According to Chuang-tzu, language cannot...

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Describe the method that Descartes uses to discover his first indubitable truth in the Meditations. What is the first truth that he discovers?

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Descartes uses a method of doubt in the ...

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Identify and carefully explain the two types of knowledge claims that Hume discusses. Give three examples of each type of knowledge claim.

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Hume discusses two types of knowledge cl...

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What are Berkeley's principal reasons for denying the existence of physical objects? How does he explain the continued existence of perceptions without appealing to the existence of physical objects? Do you find his reasoning convincing? Why or why not?

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Berkeley's principal reasons for denying...

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The theory of truth that James criticizes is traditionally known as the


A) correspondence theory of truth.
B) analytic theory of truth.
C) pragmatic theory of truth.
D) cognitive theory of truth.

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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A

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