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The two most common elements found in Earth's crust are ____. ​


A) silicon and magnesium
B) sodium and carbon ​
C) iron and aluminum ​
D) silicon and oxygen ​
E) carbon and potassium

F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

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To be classified as a mineral, a substance must be ____. ​


A) foliated
B) organic ​
C) regolith ​
D) accreted ​
E) crystalline ​

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Which section of the Earth has the highest material density? ​


A) crust
B) mantle ​
C) asthenosphere ​
D) outer core ​
E) inner core ​

F) All of the above
G) B) and C)

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Which of the following is the smallest grain size category for clastic particles? ​


A) sand
B) gravel ​
C) silt ​
D) regolith ​
E) clay ​

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Alfred Wegener is well known for hypothesizing that ____. ​


A) mountain ranges only exist where erosion is very weak
B) new oceanic crust is formed at subduction zones ​
C) the magnetic poles have reversed on occasion during geologic time ​
D) over time, the continents change their geographic position ​
E) the inner core is molten ​

F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

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Explain the rock cycle. Include information on how the three major categories of rocks differ from each other.

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Igneous rocks form when magma cools and ...

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How do we know Earth's internal structure? ​

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Seismic waves from earthquakes that pass...

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Earth's inner core is primarily composed of ____. ​


A) molten lava
B) molten copper and nickel ​
C) solid basalt ​
D) solid iron and carbon ​
E) solid iron and nickel

F) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

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Explain how oceanic crust is created and destroyed. ​

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Oceanic crust forms from volcanism at mi...

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A(n)_______________ is a consolidated aggregate of various types of minerals or a consolidated aggregate of multiple individual pieces (grains)of the same kind of mineral. ​

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Tectonic plates move from subduction zones towards divergent boundaries. ​

A) True
B) False

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At times in the past, the north and south magnetic poles have switched locations. ​

A) True
B) False

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An island arc forms where ____. ​


A) oceanic crust collides with continental crust
B) oceanic crust diverges from continental crust ​
C) continental crust collides with continental crust ​
D) continental crust diverges from continental crust ​
E) oceanic crust collides with oceanic crust ​

F) C) and D)
G) D) and E)

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Quartzite is formed by metamorphosing the rock _______________. ​

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Which of these materials is a mineral? ​


A) granite
B) coal ​
C) quartz ​
D) slate ​
E) schist ​

F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

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An example of a divergent plate boundary is a ____. ​


A) volcanic island arc
B) midoceanic ridge ​
C) transform fault ​
D) hot spot ​
E) subduction zone ​

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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The lithosphere responds to applied stress as an elastic solid. ​

A) True
B) False

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Where markedly mismatching strata meet along an irregular, eroded surface, that contact between the rocks is a(n)_______________. ​

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One requirement for a substance to be classified as a mineral is for it to be inorganic, but it is possible for rocks to contain some organic matter.

A) True
B) False

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The process by which dense oceanic plates plunge downward into the mantle at convergent plate boundaries is called _______________. ​

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